The Role of Intercultural Communication and Communication Tolerance in the Harmonization of Multicultural Congregations (Salafi, Muhammadiyah, NU) at Al-Muttaqin Mosque, Cakra, Mataram

Abstract

This study addresses the limited scholarly attention to intercultural communication and tolerance within intra-Islamic contexts, despite their crucial role in sustaining social harmony. While most existing literature focuses on interfaith dialogue, fewer studies examine how diverse Islamic groups, such as Salafi, Muhammadiyah, and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) negotiate coexistence in shared religious spaces. Focusing on Al-Muttaqin Mosque, Cakra, Mataram, this research aims to (1) assess how intercultural communication contributes to harmony, (2) identify key factors shaping tolerance, and (3) analyze how tolerance fosters social cohesion. A qualitative descriptive design was employed, using purposive sampling of active congregants and mosque administrators. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and document review, and analyzed thematically to identify communication patterns. The findings reveal that intercultural communication bridges doctrinal differences through respectful dialogue, religious expressions, and non-verbal practices such as greetings, handshakes, and shared meals. Collaborative activities, including Qur’anic study circles, charity programs, and mosque renovations further reinforced cooperation beyond group boundaries. Tolerance was shaped by neutral leadership policies, historical experiences of coexistence, and cultural traditions such as gotong royong, which collectively fostered harmony by mitigating doctrinal tensions, strengthening trust, and cultivating shared ownership of mosque life. The study concludes that effective communication and tolerance mechanisms transform intra-faith diversity from a source of potential conflict into a foundation for unity. Theoretically, it extends intercultural communication frameworks into intra-Islamic settings, while practically offering guidance for mosque administrators and religious leaders to promote inclusivity through balanced programming and collaborative initiatives.